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844 lines
18 KiB
HTML
844 lines
18 KiB
HTML
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<title>aria2 - The ultra fast download utility</title>
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</head>
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<body>
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<div id="header">
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<h1>aria2 - The ultra fast download utility</h1>
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<span id="author">Tatsuhiro Tsujikawa</span><br />
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<span id="email"><tt><<a href="mailto:tujikawa_at_users_dot_sourceforge_dot_net">tujikawa_at_users_dot_sourceforge_dot_net</a>></tt></span><br />
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</div>
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<h2 id="_disclaimer">1. Disclaimer</h2>
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<div class="sectionbody">
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<div class="para"><p>This program comes with no warranty.
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You must use this program at your own risk.</p></div>
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</div>
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<h2 id="_introduction">2. Introduction</h2>
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<div class="sectionbody">
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<div class="para"><p>aria2 is a utility for downloading files. The supported protocols are
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HTTP(S), FTP, BitTorrent, and Metalink. aria2 can download a file from
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multiple sources/protocols and tries to utilize your maximum download
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bandwidth. It supports downloading a file from HTTP(S)/FTP and
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BitTorrent at the same time, while the data downloaded from
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HTTP(S)/FTP is uploaded to the BitTorrent swarm. Using Metalink's
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chunk checksums, aria2 automatically validates chunks of data while
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downloading a file like BitTorrent.</p></div>
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<div class="para"><p>Here is a list of features.</p></div>
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<div class="ilist"><ul>
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<li>
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<p>
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Command-line interface
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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Download files through HTTP(S)/FTP/BitTorrent
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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Segmented downloading
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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Metalink version 3.0 support(HTTP/FTP/BitTorrent)
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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HTTP/1.1 implementation
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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HTTP Proxy support
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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HTTP BASIC authentication support
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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HTTP Proxy authentication support
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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Well-known environment variables for proxy: http_proxy, https_proxy,
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ftp_proxy, all_proxy and no_proxy
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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HTTP gzip, deflate content encoding support
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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Verify peer using given trusted CA certificate in HTTPS
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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Client certificate authentication in HTTPS
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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Chunked transfer encoding support
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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Load Cookies from file using the Firefox3 format and the Mozilla/Firefox
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(1.x/2.x)/Netscape format.
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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Custom HTTP Header support
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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Persistent Connections support
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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FTP through HTTP Proxy
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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Download/Upload speed throttling
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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BitTorrent extensions: Fast extension, DHT, PEX, MSE/PSE, Multi-Tracker
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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BitTorrent <a href="http://getright.com/seedtorrent.html">WEB-Seeding</a>
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(single-file torrent only)
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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Rename/change the directory structure of BitTorrent downloads
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completely
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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Run as a daemon process
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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Selective download in multi-file torrent/Metalink
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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Chunk checksum validation in Metalink
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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Can disable segmented downloading in Metalink
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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Netrc support
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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Configuration file support
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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Download URIs found in a text file or stdin and the destination directory and
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output filename can be specified optionally
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</p>
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</li>
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<li>
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<p>
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Parameterized URI support
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</p>
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</li>
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</ul></div>
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</div>
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<h2 id="_dependency">3. Dependency</h2>
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<div class="sectionbody">
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<div class="tableblock">
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<table rules="all"
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frame="border"
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cellspacing="0" cellpadding="4">
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|
<caption class="title">Table: External Library Dependency</caption>
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<col width="240" />
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<col width="320" />
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<thead>
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<tr>
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<th align="left">
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features
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</th>
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<th align="left">
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dependency
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</th>
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</tr>
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</thead>
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<tbody valign="top">
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<tr>
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<td align="left">
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HTTPS
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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GnuTLS or OpenSSL
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td align="left">
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BitTorrent
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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GnuTLS+Libgcrypt or OpenSSL
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</td>
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|
</tr>
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<tr>
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<td align="left">
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Metalink
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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libxml2 or Expat.
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</td>
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|
</tr>
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<tr>
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<td align="left">
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|
Checksum
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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|
GnuTLS+Libgcrypt or OpenSSL
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td align="left">
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gzip, deflate in HTTP
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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zlib
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td align="left">
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Async DNS
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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C-Ares
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td align="left">
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Firefox3 cookie
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</td>
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<td align="left">
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libsqlite3
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</td>
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</tr>
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</tbody>
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</table>
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</div>
|
|
<div class="vlist"><dl>
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|
<dt>
|
|
Note
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|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
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|
GNU TLS has precedence over OpenSSL if both libraries are installed.
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|
If you prefer OpenSSL, run configure with --without-gnutls.
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|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt>
|
|
Note
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|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
libxml2 has precedence over Expat if both libraries are installed.
|
|
If you prefer Expat, run configure with --without-libxml2.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl></div>
|
|
<div class="para"><p>You can disable BitTorrent, Metalink support by providing
|
|
--disable-bittorrent, --disable-metalink respectively to configure
|
|
script.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="para"><p>In order to enable async DNS support, you need c-ares.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="ilist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
c-ares: <a href="http://daniel.haxx.se/projects/c-ares/">http://daniel.haxx.se/projects/c-ares/</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h2 id="_how_to_build">4. How to build</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="para"><p>In order to build aria2 from the source package, you need following
|
|
development packages(package name may vary depending on the
|
|
distribution you use):</p></div>
|
|
<div class="ilist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
libgnutls-dev (Required for HTTPS, BitTorrent, Checksum support)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
libgpg-error-dev (Required for BitTorrent, Checksum support)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
libgcrypt-dev (Required for BitTorrent, Checksum support)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
libc-ares-dev (Required for async DNS support)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
libxml2-dev (Required for Metalink support)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
libz1g-dev (Required for gzip, deflate decoding support in HTTP)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
libsqlite3-dev (Required for Firefox3 cookie support)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
<div class="para"><p>You can use libssl-dev instead of
|
|
libgnutls-dev,libgpg-error-dev,libgcrypt-dev:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="ilist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
libssl-dev (Required for HTTPS, BitTorrent, Checksum support)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
<div class="para"><p>You can use libexpat1-dev instead of libxml2-dev:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="ilist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
libexpat1-dev (Required for Metalink support)
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
<div class="para"><p>The quickest way to build aria2 is just type following commands:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><tt>$ ./configure
|
|
$ make</tt></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="para"><p>The configure script checks available libraries and enables the features
|
|
as much as possible because all the features are enabled by default.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="para"><p>Since 1.1.0, aria2 checks the certificate of HTTPS servers by default.
|
|
If you build with HTTPS support, I recommend to supply the path to the
|
|
CA bundle file. For example, in Debian the path to CA bundle file is
|
|
<em>/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt</em> (in ca-certificates package). This
|
|
may vary depending on your distribution. You can give it to
|
|
configure script using --with-ca-bundle option:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><tt>$ ./configure --with-ca-bundle='/etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt'
|
|
$ make</tt></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
<div class="para"><p>Without --with-ca-bundle option, you will encounter the error when
|
|
accessing HTTPS servers because the certificate cannot be verified
|
|
without CA bundle. In such case, you can specify the CA bundle file
|
|
using aria2's --ca-certificate option. If you don't have CA bundle
|
|
file installed, then the last resort is disable the certificate
|
|
validation using --check-certificate=false.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="para"><p>The executable is <em>aria2c</em> in src directory.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="para"><p>aria2 uses CppUnit for automated unit testing. To run the unit test:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="listingblock">
|
|
<div class="content">
|
|
<pre><tt>$ make check</tt></pre>
|
|
</div></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h2 id="_bittorrrent">5. BitTorrrent</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<h3 id="_about_filename">5.1. About filename</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
<div class="para"><p>The filename of the downloaded file is determined as follows:</p></div>
|
|
<div class="vlist"><dl>
|
|
<dt>
|
|
single-file mode
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
If "name" key is present in .torrent file, filename is the value
|
|
of "name" key. Otherwise, filename is the basename of .torrent
|
|
file appended by ".file". For example, .torrent file is
|
|
"test.torrrent", then filename is "test.torrent.file". The
|
|
directory to store the downloaded file can be specified by -d
|
|
option.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
<dt>
|
|
multi-file mode
|
|
</dt>
|
|
<dd>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The complete directory/file structure mentioned in .torrent file
|
|
is created. The directory to store the top directory of
|
|
downloaded files can be specified by -d option.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</dd>
|
|
</dl></div>
|
|
<div class="para"><p>Before download starts, a complete directory structure is created if
|
|
needed. By default, aria2 opens at most 100 files mentioned in
|
|
.torrent file, and directly writes to and reads from these files.
|
|
The number of files to open simultaneously can be controlled by
|
|
--bt-max-open-files option.</p></div>
|
|
<h3 id="_dht">5.2. DHT</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
<div class="para"><p>As of release 0.13.0, aria2 supports DHT. By default, the routing
|
|
table is saved to $HOME/.aria2/dht.dat.</p></div>
|
|
<h3 id="_other_things_should_be_noted">5.3. Other things should be noted</h3><div style="clear:left"></div>
|
|
<div class="ilist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
-o option is used to change the filename of .torrent file itself,
|
|
not a filename of a file in .torrent file.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The port numbers that aria2 uses by default are 6881-6999 for TCP
|
|
and UDP.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
aria2 doesn't configure port-forwarding automatically. Please
|
|
configure your router or firewall manually.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
The maximum number of peers is 55. This limit may be exceeded when
|
|
download rate is low. This download rate can be adjusted using
|
|
--bt-request-peer-speed-limit option.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
As of release 0.10.0, aria2 stops sending request message after
|
|
selective download completes.
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h2 id="_metalink">6. Metalink</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="para"><p>The current implementation supports HTTP(S)/FTP/BitTorrent. The other
|
|
P2P protocols are ignored.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="para"><p>For checksum verification, MD5, SHA1, and SHA256 are supported. If
|
|
multiple hash algorithms are provided, aria2 uses SHA1. If whole file
|
|
checksum verification fails, aria2 doesn't retry the download and just
|
|
exits with non-zero return code.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="para"><p>The supported user preferences are version, language, location,
|
|
protocol and os.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="para"><p>If chunk checksums are provided in Metalink file, aria2 automatically
|
|
validates chunks of data during download. This behavior can be turned
|
|
off by a command-line option.</p></div>
|
|
<div class="para"><p>If signature is included in a Metalink file, aria2 saves it as a file
|
|
after the completion of the download. The filename is download
|
|
filename + ".sig". If same file already exists, the signature file is
|
|
not saved.</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h2 id="_netrc">7. netrc</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="para"><p>netrc support is enabled by default for HTTP(S)/FTP. To disable netrc
|
|
support, specify -n command-line option. Your .netrc file should have
|
|
correct permissions(600).</p></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<h2 id="_references">8. References</h2>
|
|
<div class="sectionbody">
|
|
<div class="ilist"><ul>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
man aria2c
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="http://aria2.sourceforge.net/">http://aria2.sourceforge.net/</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
<li>
|
|
<p>
|
|
<a href="http://apps.sourceforge.net/trac/aria2/wiki">http://apps.sourceforge.net/trac/aria2/wiki</a>
|
|
</p>
|
|
</li>
|
|
</ul></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="footer">
|
|
<div id="footer-text">
|
|
Last updated 2009-04-28 22:20:49 JST
|
|
</div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|