mkvtoolnix/README.md

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MKVToolNix 18.0.0
================
# Table of contents
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1. [Introduction](#1-introduction)
2. [Installation](#2-installation)
1. [Requirements](#21-requirements)
2. [Optional components](#22-optional-components)
3. [Building libEBML and libMatroska](#23-building-libebml-and-libmatroska)
4. [Building MKVToolNix](#24-building-mkvtoolnix)
1. [Getting and building a development snapshot](#241-getting-and-building-a-development-snapshot)
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2. [Configuration and compilation](#242-configuration-and-compilation)
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5. [Notes for compilation on (Open)Solaris](#25-notes-for-compilation-on-opensolaris)
6. [Unit tests](#26-unit-tests)
3. [Reporting bugs](#3-reporting-bugs)
4. [Test suite and continuous integration tests](#4-test-suite-and-continuous-integration-tests)
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5. [Code of Conduct](#5-code-of-conduct)
6. [Included libraries and their licenses](#6-included-libraries-and-their-licenses)
1. [avilib](#61-avilib)
2. [Boost's utf8_codecvt_facet](#62-boosts-utf8_codecvt_facet)
3. [libEBML](#63-libebml)
4. [libMatroska](#64-libmatroska)
5. [librmff](#65-librmff)
6. [nlohmann's JSON](#66-nlohmanns-json)
7. [pugixml](#67-pugixml)
8. [utf8-cpp](#68-utf8-cpp)
-----------------
# 1. Introduction
Update README.md In order to make the text more beautiful and easier to read/understand for readers, I have added the following changes: 1. Added the word **via** before the product names in brackets → (**via** mkvinfo), (**via** mkvextract), (**via** mkvmerge). The word **via** clearly indicates that these tools are meant to be used for something, and they are not lonely. 2. Added many missing commas, inter alia: a) before the word **then**. In English we (almost) always add a comma before **then** if it is located in the middle of a sentence. The word **then** is often seen in English conditional sentences, but in 99% cases it's optional, so we can use a subject directly (see also: http://images.slideplayer.com/28/9327486/slides/slide_3.jpg) For more information about **then** and English conditional sentences, you can visit the following websites: • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_conditional_sentences • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_sentence b) before a subject (e.g. **I**, **you**) if it is located in the middle of a sentence. For example: **If you want to install it yourself, I suggest you use..........** In such cases we always add a comma in order to emphasize the difference between two sentences (two subjects); in the first one: **you** and in the second one: **I**. Thanks to the comma we can easily distinguish them when reading the text. c) before an (ad)verb if a sentence starts with **If**. For example: **If at all possible, please include.......**. In this case I have added the comma in order to separate an adjective (**possible**) and an (ad)verb (**please**). And also before the adverb **there** which is located in the middle of a sentence and before a noun (**development**). For example: **As both Matroska and MKVToolNix are under heavy development, there might be features......**. 3. Removed one unnecessary comma which was located before **if** (when the **if-clause** is at the end) → **e.g. include the command line, if you use Windows or Linux etc.pp.** In English we don't generally add a comma if the word **if** is located in the middle of a sentence. See here for rationale: http://images.slideplayer.com/11/3193271/slides/slide_4.jpg and also above for the English Wikipedia (conditional sentences).
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With these tools one can get information about (via mkvinfo) Matroska
files, extract tracks/data from (via mkvextract) Matroska files and create
(via mkvmerge) Matroska files from other media files. Matroska is a new
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multimedia file format aiming to become THE new container format for
the future. You can find more information about it and its underlying
technology, the Extensible Binary Meta Language (EBML), at
http://www.matroska.org/
The full documentation for each command is now maintained in its
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man page only. Type `mkvmerge -h` to get you started.
This code comes under the GPL v2 (see www.gnu.org or the file COPYING).
Modify as needed.
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The icons are based on the work of Alexandr Grigorcea and modified by
Eduard Geier. They're licensed under the terms of the
[Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported license](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).
The newest version can always be found at
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https://mkvtoolnix.download/
Moritz Bunkus <moritz@bunkus.org>
# 2. Installation
If you want to compile the tools yourself, you must first decide
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if you want to use a 'proper' release version or the current
development version. As both Matroska and MKVToolNix are under heavy
Update README.md In order to make the text more beautiful and easier to read/understand for readers, I have added the following changes: 1. Added the word **via** before the product names in brackets → (**via** mkvinfo), (**via** mkvextract), (**via** mkvmerge). The word **via** clearly indicates that these tools are meant to be used for something, and they are not lonely. 2. Added many missing commas, inter alia: a) before the word **then**. In English we (almost) always add a comma before **then** if it is located in the middle of a sentence. The word **then** is often seen in English conditional sentences, but in 99% cases it's optional, so we can use a subject directly (see also: http://images.slideplayer.com/28/9327486/slides/slide_3.jpg) For more information about **then** and English conditional sentences, you can visit the following websites: • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_conditional_sentences • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_sentence b) before a subject (e.g. **I**, **you**) if it is located in the middle of a sentence. For example: **If you want to install it yourself, I suggest you use..........** In such cases we always add a comma in order to emphasize the difference between two sentences (two subjects); in the first one: **you** and in the second one: **I**. Thanks to the comma we can easily distinguish them when reading the text. c) before an (ad)verb if a sentence starts with **If**. For example: **If at all possible, please include.......**. In this case I have added the comma in order to separate an adjective (**possible**) and an (ad)verb (**please**). And also before the adverb **there** which is located in the middle of a sentence and before a noun (**development**). For example: **As both Matroska and MKVToolNix are under heavy development, there might be features......**. 3. Removed one unnecessary comma which was located before **if** (when the **if-clause** is at the end) → **e.g. include the command line, if you use Windows or Linux etc.pp.** In English we don't generally add a comma if the word **if** is located in the middle of a sentence. See here for rationale: http://images.slideplayer.com/11/3193271/slides/slide_4.jpg and also above for the English Wikipedia (conditional sentences).
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development, there might be features available in the git repository
that are not available in the releases. On the other hand the git
repository version might not even compile.
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## 2.1. Requirements
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Update README.md In order to make the text more beautiful and easier to read/understand for readers, I have added the following changes: 1. Added the word **via** before the product names in brackets → (**via** mkvinfo), (**via** mkvextract), (**via** mkvmerge). The word **via** clearly indicates that these tools are meant to be used for something, and they are not lonely. 2. Added many missing commas, inter alia: a) before the word **then**. In English we (almost) always add a comma before **then** if it is located in the middle of a sentence. The word **then** is often seen in English conditional sentences, but in 99% cases it's optional, so we can use a subject directly (see also: http://images.slideplayer.com/28/9327486/slides/slide_3.jpg) For more information about **then** and English conditional sentences, you can visit the following websites: • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_conditional_sentences • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_sentence b) before a subject (e.g. **I**, **you**) if it is located in the middle of a sentence. For example: **If you want to install it yourself, I suggest you use..........** In such cases we always add a comma in order to emphasize the difference between two sentences (two subjects); in the first one: **you** and in the second one: **I**. Thanks to the comma we can easily distinguish them when reading the text. c) before an (ad)verb if a sentence starts with **If**. For example: **If at all possible, please include.......**. In this case I have added the comma in order to separate an adjective (**possible**) and an (ad)verb (**please**). And also before the adverb **there** which is located in the middle of a sentence and before a noun (**development**). For example: **As both Matroska and MKVToolNix are under heavy development, there might be features......**. 3. Removed one unnecessary comma which was located before **if** (when the **if-clause** is at the end) → **e.g. include the command line, if you use Windows or Linux etc.pp.** In English we don't generally add a comma if the word **if** is located in the middle of a sentence. See here for rationale: http://images.slideplayer.com/11/3193271/slides/slide_4.jpg and also above for the English Wikipedia (conditional sentences).
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In order to compile MKVToolNix, you need a couple of libraries. Most of
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them should be available pre-compiled for your distribution. The
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programs and libraries you absolutely need are:
- A C++ compiler that supports several features of the C++11 and C++14
standards: initializer lists, range-based `for` loops, right angle
brackets, the `auto` keyword, lambda functions, the `nullptr` keyword,
tuples, alias declarations, `std::make_unique()`, digit
separators, binary literals and generic lambdas. Others may be
needed, too. For GCC this means at least v4.9.x; for clang v3.4 or
later.
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- [libEBML v1.3.5](http://dl.matroska.org/downloads/libebml/) or later
and [libMatroska v1.4.8](http://dl.matroska.org/downloads/libmatroska/)
or later for low-level access to Matroska files. Instructions on how to
compile them are a bit further down in this file.
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- [libOgg](http://downloads.xiph.org/releases/ogg/) and
[libVorbis](http://downloads.xiph.org/releases/vorbis/) for access to Ogg/OGM
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files and Vorbis support
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- [zlib](http://www.zlib.net/) — a compression library
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- [Boost](http://www.boost.org/) — Several of Boost's libraries are
used: `format`, `RegEx`, `filesystem`, `system`, `math`,
`Range`, `rational`, `variant`. At least v1.49.0 is required.
- [libxslt's xsltproc binary](http://xmlsoft.org/libxslt/) and
[DocBook XSL stylesheets](https://sourceforge.net/projects/docbook/files/docbook-xsl/)
— for creating man pages from XML documents
You also need the `rake` or `drake` build program. I suggest `rake`
v10.0.0 or newer (this is included with Ruby 2.1) as it offers
parallel builds out of the box. If you only have an earlier version of
`rake`, you can install and use the `drake` gem for the same gain.
## 2.2. Optional components
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Other libraries are optional and only limit the features that are
built. These include:
- [Qt](http://www.qt.io/) v5.3 or newer — a cross-platform GUI
toolkit. You need this if you want to use the MKVToolNix GUI or
mkvinfo's GUI.
- [libFLAC](http://downloads.xiph.org/releases/flac/) for FLAC
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support (Free Lossless Audio Codec)
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- [lzo](http://www.oberhumer.com/opensource/lzo/) and
[bzip2](http://www.bzip.org/) are compression libraries. These are
the least important libraries as almost no application supports
Matroska content that is compressed with either of these libs. The
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aforementioned zlib is what every program supports.
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- [libMagic](http://www.darwinsys.com/file/) from the "file" package
for automatic content type detection
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- [po4a](https://po4a.alioth.debian.org/) for building the translated
man pages
## 2.3. Building libEBML and libMatroska
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This is optional as MKVToolNix comes with its own set of the
libraries. It will use them if no version is found on the system.
Start with the two libraries. Either download releases of
[libEBML v1.3.5](http://dl.matroska.org/downloads/libebml/) and
[libMatroska v1.4.8](http://dl.matroska.org/downloads/libmatroska/) or
get a fresh copy from the git repository:
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git clone https://github.com/Matroska-Org/libebml.git
git clone https://github.com/Matroska-Org/libmatroska.git
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First change to libEBML's directory and run `./configure` followed by
`make`. Now install libEBML by running `make install` as root
(e.g. via `sudo`). Change to libMatroska's directory and go through
the same steps: first `./configure` followed by `make` as a normal
user and lastly `make install` as root.
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## 2.4. Building MKVToolNix
Either download the current release from
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[the MKVToolNix home page](https://mkvtoolnix.download/)
and unpack it or get a development snapshot from my Git repository.
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### 2.4.1. Getting and building a development snapshot
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You can ignore this subsection if you want to build from a release
tarball.
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All you need for Git repository access is to download a Git client
from the Git homepage at http://git-scm.com/. There are clients
for both Unix/Linux and Windows.
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First clone my Git repository with this command:
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git clone https://gitlab.com/mbunkus/mkvtoolnix.git
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Now change to the MKVToolNix directory with `cd mkvtoolnix` and run
`./autogen.sh` which will generate the "configure" script. You need
the GNU "autoconf" utility for this step.
### 2.4.2. Configuration and compilation
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Update README.md In order to make the text more beautiful and easier to read/understand for readers, I have added the following changes: 1. Added the word **via** before the product names in brackets → (**via** mkvinfo), (**via** mkvextract), (**via** mkvmerge). The word **via** clearly indicates that these tools are meant to be used for something, and they are not lonely. 2. Added many missing commas, inter alia: a) before the word **then**. In English we (almost) always add a comma before **then** if it is located in the middle of a sentence. The word **then** is often seen in English conditional sentences, but in 99% cases it's optional, so we can use a subject directly (see also: http://images.slideplayer.com/28/9327486/slides/slide_3.jpg) For more information about **then** and English conditional sentences, you can visit the following websites: • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_conditional_sentences • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_sentence b) before a subject (e.g. **I**, **you**) if it is located in the middle of a sentence. For example: **If you want to install it yourself, I suggest you use..........** In such cases we always add a comma in order to emphasize the difference between two sentences (two subjects); in the first one: **you** and in the second one: **I**. Thanks to the comma we can easily distinguish them when reading the text. c) before an (ad)verb if a sentence starts with **If**. For example: **If at all possible, please include.......**. In this case I have added the comma in order to separate an adjective (**possible**) and an (ad)verb (**please**). And also before the adverb **there** which is located in the middle of a sentence and before a noun (**development**). For example: **As both Matroska and MKVToolNix are under heavy development, there might be features......**. 3. Removed one unnecessary comma which was located before **if** (when the **if-clause** is at the end) → **e.g. include the command line, if you use Windows or Linux etc.pp.** In English we don't generally add a comma if the word **if** is located in the middle of a sentence. See here for rationale: http://images.slideplayer.com/11/3193271/slides/slide_4.jpg and also above for the English Wikipedia (conditional sentences).
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If you have run `make install` for both libraries, then `configure`
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should automatically find the libraries' position. Otherwise you need
to tell `configure` where the libEBML and libMatroska include and
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library files are:
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./configure \
--with-extra-includes=/where/i/put/libebml\;/where/i/put/libmatroska \
--with-extra-libs=/where/i/put/libebml/make/linux\;/where/i/put/libmatroska/make/linux
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Now run `rake` and, as "root", `rake install`.
### 2.4.3. If things go wrong
By default the commands executed by the build system aren't
output. You can change that by adding `V=1` as an argument to the
`rake` command.
If `rake` executes too many processes at once, then you've stumbled
across a known bug in `rake`. In that case you should install the
`drake` Ruby gem and use the command `drake` instead of
`rake`. `drake` supports parallelism properly and doesn't try to
execute all jobs at once.
## 2.5. Notes for compilation on (Open)Solaris
You can compile MKVToolNix with Sun's sunstudio compiler, but you need
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additional options for `configure`:
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./configure --prefix=/usr \
CXX="/opt/sunstudio12.1/bin/CC -library=stlport4" \
CXXFLAGS="-D_POSIX_PTHREAD_SEMANTICS" \
--with-extra-includes=/where/i/put/libebml\;/where/i/put/libmatroska \
--with-extra-libs=/where/i/put/libebml/make/linux\;/where/i/put/libmatroska/make/linux
## 2.6. Unit tests
Building and running unit tests is completely optional. If you want to
do this, you have to follow these steps:
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1. Download the "googletest" framework from
https://github.com/google/googletest/ (at the time of writing the
file to download was "googletest-release-1.8.0.tar.gz")
2. Extract the archive somewhere and create a symbolic link to its
`googletest-release-1.8.0/googletest/include/gtest` sub-directory
inside MKVToolNix' "lib" directory.
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3. Configure MKVToolNix normally.
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4. Build the unit test executable and run it with
rake tests:unit
# 3. Reporting bugs
If you're sure you've found a bug — e.g. if one of my programs crashes
with an obscur error message, or if the resulting file is missing part
of the original data, then by all means submit a bug report.
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I use [GitLab's issue system](https://gitlab.com/mbunkus/mkvtoolnix/issues)
as my bug database. You can submit your bug reports there. Please be as
verbose as possible — e.g. include the command line, if you use Windows
or Linux etc.pp.
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Update README.md In order to make the text more beautiful and easier to read/understand for readers, I have added the following changes: 1. Added the word **via** before the product names in brackets → (**via** mkvinfo), (**via** mkvextract), (**via** mkvmerge). The word **via** clearly indicates that these tools are meant to be used for something, and they are not lonely. 2. Added many missing commas, inter alia: a) before the word **then**. In English we (almost) always add a comma before **then** if it is located in the middle of a sentence. The word **then** is often seen in English conditional sentences, but in 99% cases it's optional, so we can use a subject directly (see also: http://images.slideplayer.com/28/9327486/slides/slide_3.jpg) For more information about **then** and English conditional sentences, you can visit the following websites: • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_conditional_sentences • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conditional_sentence b) before a subject (e.g. **I**, **you**) if it is located in the middle of a sentence. For example: **If you want to install it yourself, I suggest you use..........** In such cases we always add a comma in order to emphasize the difference between two sentences (two subjects); in the first one: **you** and in the second one: **I**. Thanks to the comma we can easily distinguish them when reading the text. c) before an (ad)verb if a sentence starts with **If**. For example: **If at all possible, please include.......**. In this case I have added the comma in order to separate an adjective (**possible**) and an (ad)verb (**please**). And also before the adverb **there** which is located in the middle of a sentence and before a noun (**development**). For example: **As both Matroska and MKVToolNix are under heavy development, there might be features......**. 3. Removed one unnecessary comma which was located before **if** (when the **if-clause** is at the end) → **e.g. include the command line, if you use Windows or Linux etc.pp.** In English we don't generally add a comma if the word **if** is located in the middle of a sentence. See here for rationale: http://images.slideplayer.com/11/3193271/slides/slide_4.jpg and also above for the English Wikipedia (conditional sentences).
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If at all possible, please include sample files as well so that I can
reproduce the issue. If they are larger than 1 MB, please upload
them somewhere and post a link in the issue. You can also upload them
to my FTP server. Details on how to connect can be found in the
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[MKVToolNix FAQ](https://gitlab.com/mbunkus/mkvtoolnix/wikis/FTP-server).
# 4. Test suite and continuous integration tests
MKVToolNix contains a lot of test cases in order to detect regressions
before they're released. Regressions include both compilation issues
as well as changes from expected program behavior.
As mentioned in section 2.6., MKVToolNix comes with a set of unit
tests based on the Google Test library in the `tests/unit`
sub-directory that you can run yourself. These cover only a small
amount of code, and any effort to extend them would be most welcome.
A second test suite exists that targets the program behavior, e.g. the
output generated by mkvmerge when specific options are used with
specific input files. These are the test cases in the `tests`
directory itself. Unfortunately the files they run on often contain
copyrighted material that I cannot distribute. Therefore you cannot
run them yourself.
A third pillar of the testing effort is the
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[continuous integration tests](https://buildbot.mkvtoolnix.download/)
run on a Buildbot instance. These are run automatically for each
commit made to the git repository. The tests include:
* building of all the packages for Linux distributions that I
normally provide for download myself in both 32-bit and 64-bit
variants
* building of the Windows installer and portable packages in both
32-bit and 64-bit variants
* building with both g++ and clang++
* building and running the unit tests
* building and running the test file test suite
* building with all optional features disabled
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# 5. Code of Conduct
Please note that this project is released with a
[Code of Conduct](CODE_OF_CONDUCT.md). By participating in this project
you agree to abide by its terms.
# 6. Included third-party components and their licenses
MKVToolNix includes and uses the following libraries & artwork:
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## 6.1. avilib
Reading and writing avi files.
Copyright (C) 1999 Rainer Johanni <Rainer@Johanni.de>, originally part
of the transcode package.
* License: GNU General Public License v2 or later
* URL: the project doesn't seem to have a home page anymore
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## 6.2. Boost's utf8_codecvt_facet
A class, `utf8_codecvt_facet`, derived from `std::codecvt<wchar_t, char>`,
which can be used to convert utf8 data in files into `wchar_t` strings
in the application.
* License: Boost Software License - Version 1.0 (see `doc/licenses/Boost-1.0.txt`)
* URL: http://www.boost.org
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## 6.3. libEBML
A C++ library to parse EBML files
* License: GNU Lesser General Public License v2.1 or later (see `doc/licenses/LGPL-2.1.txt`)
* URL: http://www.matroska.org/
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## 6.4. libMatroska
A C++ library to parse Matroska files
* License: GNU Lesser General Public License v2.1 or later (see `doc/licenses/LGPL-2.1.txt`)
* URL: http://www.matroska.org/
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## 6.5. librmff
librmff is short for 'RealMedia file format access library'. It aims
at providing the programmer an easy way to read and write RealMedia
files.
* License: GNU Lesser General Public License v2.1 or later (see `doc/licenses/LGPL-2.1.txt`)
* URL: https://www.bunkus.org/videotools/librmff/index.html
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## 6.6. nlohmann's JSON
JSON for Modern C++
* License: MIT (see `doc/licenses/nlohmann-json-MIT.txt`)
* URL: https://github.com/nlohmann/json
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## 6.7. pugixml
An XML processing library
* License: MIT (see `doc/licenses/pugixml-MIT.txt`)
* URL: http://pugixml.org/
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## 6.8. utf8-cpp
UTF-8 with C++ in a Portable Way
* License: custom (see `doc/licenses/utf8-cpp-custom.txt`)
* URL: http://utfcpp.sourceforge.net/
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## 6.9. Oxygen icons and sound files
Most of the icons included in this package originate from the Oxygen
Project. These include all files in the `share/icons` sub-directory
safe for those whose name starts with `mkv`.
The preferred form of modification are the SVG icons. These are not
part of the binary distribution of MKVToolNix, but they are contained
in the source code in the `icons/scalable` sub-directory. You can
obtain the source code from the
[MKVToolNix website](https://mkvtoolnix.download/).
All of the sound files in the `share/sounds` sub-directory originate
from the Oxygen project.
* License: GNU Lesser General Public License v3 (see `doc/licenses/LGPL-3.0.txt`)
* URL: https://techbase.kde.org/Projects/Oxygen