mkvtoolnix/doc/mkvmerge.1

.TH MKVMERGE "1" "July 2003" "mkvmerge v0.6.0" "User Commands"


.SH NAME
mkvmerge \- Merge multimedia streams into a Matroska file


.SH SYNOPSIS
.B mkvmerge
[\fIglobal options\fR] \-o \fIout\fR [\fIoptions\fR] <file1> [[\fIoptions\fR] <file2> ...] [@optionsfile]


.SH DESCRIPTION
.LP
This program takes the input from several media files and joins
their streams (all of them or just a selection) into a Matroska file.
.UR http://www.matroska.org/
.UE


.LP
Global options:
.TP
\fB\-v\fR, \fB\-\-verbose\fR
Increase verbosity.
.TP
\fB\-q\fR, \fB\-\-quiet\fR
Suppress status output.
.TP
\fB\-o\fR, \fB\-\-output\fR \fIout\fR
Write to the file '\fIout\fR'.
.TP
\fB\-\-cluster\-length \fR \fIn[ms]\fR
Put at most \fIn\fR data blocks into each cluster. If the number is
postfixed with 'ms' then put at most \fIn\fR milliseconds of data into
each cluster. The maximum length for a cluster is 65535ms. Programs will
only be able to seek to clusters, so creating larger clusters may lead to
imprecise seeking and/or processing.
.TP
\fB\-\-no\-cues\fR
Tells \fBmkvmerge\fR not to create and write the cue data which can be compared
to an index in an AVI. Matroska files can be played back without the cue
data, but seeking will probably be imprecise and slower. Use this only if
you're really desparate for space or for testing purposes. See also option
\fB\-\-cues\fR which can be specified for each input file.
.TP
\fB\-\-no\-meta\-seek\fR
The meta seek information is stored along with the headers at the beginning
of the file and points to the cue entries (the index). This allows a player
to quickly find the index and uses very little space. It should be left on
and only disabled for testing purposes. At the moment \fB\-\-no\-cues\fR
implies \fB\-\-no\-meta\-seek\fR.
.TP
\fB\-\-meta\-seek\-size\fR \fId\fR
Reserve \fRd\fR bytes for the meta seek information (see
\fB\-\-no\-meta\-seek). Default value is 100 bytes which should be enough.
\fBmkvmerge\fR will abort with an appropriate warning message if the space
is not enough and also provide the optimal size to use with this option.
This option is normally not needed.
.TP
\fB\-\-no\-lacing\fR
Disable lacing for all tracks. This will increase the file's size, especially
if there are many audio tracks. This option is not intended for everyday use.
.TP
\fB\-\-split\fR <\fId[k|m|g]\fR> or \fB\-\-split\fR <\fIHH:MM:SS\fR|\fIns\fR>
Splits the output file after a given size or a given time. For splitting after
a specific size the parameter \fId\fR may end with k, m or g to indicate
that the size is in KB, MB or GB respectively. For time-based splitting use
the form HH:MM:SS or add 's' to the number of seconds \fIn\fRafter which the
file should be split.
.br
For this splitting mode the output filename is treated differently than for
the normal operation. It may contain a printf like expression '%d' including
an optional field width, e.g. '%02d'. If it does then the current file number
will be formatted appropriately and inserted at that point in the filename.
If there is no such pattern then a pattern of '-%03d' is assumed right before
the file's extension: '-o output.mkv' would result in 'output-001.mkv' and
so on. If there's no extension then '-%03d' will be appended to the name.
.TP
\fB\-\-split\-max\-files\fR <\fIn\fR>
Create at most \fIn\fR files, even if the last file will be longer or larger
than indicated by \fB\-\-split\fR.
.TP
\fB\-\-dont\-link\fR
Do not link files to one another when splitting the output file. See the
section \fBFILE LINKING\fR below for details.
.TP
\fB\-\-link\-to\-previous\fR <\fIUID\fR>
Links the first output file to the segment with the given \fIUID\fR. See the
section \fBFILE LINKING\fR below for details.
.TP
\fB\-\-link\-to\-next\fR <\fIUID\fR>
Links the last output file to the segment with the given \fIUID\fR. See the
section \fBFILE LINKING\fR below for details.
.TP
\fB\-\-attachment\-description\fR <\fIdescription\fR>
Plain text description of the following attachment. Applies to the next
\fB\-\-attach\-file\fR or \fB\-\-attach\-file\-once\fR command.
.TP
\fB\-\-attachment\-mime\-type\fR <\fIMIME type\fR>
MIME type of the following attachment. Applies to the next
\fB\-\-attach\-file\fR or \fB\-\-attach\-file\-once\fR command.
A list of officially recognized MIME types can be found e.g. at
.URL
ftp://ftp.isi.edu/in-notes/iana/assignments/media-types/media-types
The MIME type is mandatory for an attachment.
.TP
\fB\-\-attach\-file\fR <\fIfile name\fR>
.TP
\fB\-\-attach\-file\-once\fR <\fIfile name\fR>
Creates a file attachment inside the Matroska file. The MIME type must have
been set before this option can used. The difference between the two forms
is that during splitting the files attached with \fB\-\-attach\-file\fR are
attached to all output files while the ones attached with
\fB\-\-attach\-file\-once\fR are only attached to the first file created.
If splitting is not used then both do the same.
.br
\fBmkvextract\fR can be used to extract attached files from a Matroska file.
.br
\fBNote:\fR If an input file is a Matroska file then the attached files will
not be copied to the output file(s). This may change in the future.


.LP
Options that can be used for each input file:
.TP
\fB\-a\fR, \fB\-\-atracks\fR <\fIn\fR,\fIm\fR,...>
Copy the audio tracks \fIn\fR, \fIm\fR etc. The numbers are track IDs which
can be obtained with the \fB\-\-identify\fR switch. They're \fBnot\fR simply
the track numbers (see section \fBTRACK IDS\fR). Default: copy all audio
tracks.
.TP
\fB\-d\fR, \fB\-\-vtracks\fR <\fIn\fR,\fIm\fR,...>
Copy the video tracks \fIn\fR, \fIm\fR etc. The numbers are track IDs which
can be obtained with the \fB\-\-identify\fR switch (see
section \fBTRACK IDS\fR). They're \fBnot\fR simply
the track numbers. Default: copy all video tracks.
.TP
\fB\-s\fR, \fB\-\-stracks\fR <\fIn\fR,\fIm\fR,...>
Copy the subtitle tracks \fIn\fR, \fIm\fR etc. The numbers are track IDs which
can be obtained with the \fB\-\-identify\fR switch (see
section \fBTRACK IDS\fR). They're \fBnot\fR simply
the track numbers. Default: copy all subtitle tracks.
.TP
\fB\-A\fR, \fB\-\-noaudio\fR
Don't copy any audio track from this file.
.TP
\fB\-D\fR, \fB\-\-novideo\fR
Don't copy any video track from this file.
.TP
\fB\-T\fR, \fB\-\-nosubs\fR
Don't copy any subtitle track from this file.
.TP
\fB\-y\fR, \fB\-\-sync\fR <\fITID\fR:\fId\fR[,\fIo\fR[/\fIp\fR]]>
Synchronize manually, delay the audio track with the id \fITID\fR by \fId\fR
ms. The track IDs are the same as the ones given with \fB\-\-identify\fR (see
section \fBTRACK IDS\fR).
.br
\fId\fR > 0: Pad with silent samples.
.br
\fId\fR < 0: Remove samples from the beginning.
.br
\fIo\fR/\fIp\fR: adjust the timestamps by \fIo\fR/\fIp\fR to fix
linear drifts. \fIp\fR defaults to 1000 if omitted. Both \fIo\fR and
\fIp\fR can be floating point numbers.
.br
Defaults: no manual synch correction (which is the same as \fId\fR = 0 and
\fIo\fR/\fIp\fR = 1.0).
.br
This option can be used multiple times for an input file applying to several
tracks by selecting different track IDs each time.
.TP
\fB\-\-cues\fR <\fITID\fR:\fInone\fR|\fIiframes\fR|\fIall\fR>
Controls for which tracks cue (index) entries are created for the given track
(see section \fBTRACK IDS\fR). \fInone\fR inhibits the creation of cue entries.
For \fIiframes\fR only blocks with no backward or forward
references ( = I frames in video tracks) are put into the cue sheet. \fIall\fR
causes \fBmkvmerge\fR to create cue entries for all blocks which will make
the file very big.
.br
The default is \fIiframes\fR for video tracks and \fInone\fR for all others.
See also option \fB\-\-no\-cues\fR which inhibits the creation of cue
entries regardless of the \fB\-\-cues\fR options used.
.br
This option can be used multiple times for an input file applying to several
tracks by selecting different track IDs each time.
.TP
\fB\-\-default\-track\fR <\fITID\fR>
Sets the 'default' flag for the given track (see section \fBTRACK IDS\fR).
If the user does not explicitly select a track himself then the player should
prefer the track that has his 'default' flag set. Only one track of each kind
(audio, video, subttiles) can have his 'default' flag set.
.br
This option can be used multiple times for an input file applying to several
tracks by selecting different track IDs each time.
.TP
\fB\-\-language\fR <\fITID\fR:\fIlanguage\fR>
Sets the language for the given track (see section \fBTRACK IDS\fR). Only
ISO639-2 codes are allowed. All languages including their ISO639-2 codes can be
listed with the \fB\-\-list\-languages\fR option.
.br
This option can be used multiple times for an input file applying to several
tracks by selecting different track IDs each time.


.LP
Options that only apply to video tracks:
.TP
\fB\-f\fR, \fB\-\-fourcc\fR <\fIFourCC\fR>
Forces the FourCC to the specified value. Works only for video tracks.
.TP
\fB\-\-aspect\-ratio\fR <\fIar\fR|\fIw\fR/\fIh\fR>
Sets the aspect ratio for the track. The ratio can be given either as a
floating point number or as 'widht/height', e.g. 16/9.
.LP
Options that only apply to subtitle tracks:
.TP
\fB\-\-sub\-charset\fR <\fITID\fR:\fIcharset\fR>
Sets the charset for the conversion to UTF-8 for UTF-8 subtitles for the given
track ID. If not specified the charset will be derived from the current locale
settings. Note that a charset is not needed for subtitles read from Matroska
files as these are always stored in UTF-8.
.br
This option can be used multiple times for an input file applying to several
tracks by selecting different track IDs each time.
.LP
Other options:
.TP
\fB\-i\fR, \fB\-\-identify\fR <\fIfilename\fR>
Will let mkvmerge probe the single file and report its type, the tracks
contained in the file and their track IDs. If this option is used then the
only other option allowed is the filename.
.TP
\fB\-l\fR, \fB\-\-list\-types\fR
Lists supported input file types.
.TP
\fB\-\-list\-languages\fR
Lists all languages and their ISO639-2 code which can be used with the
\fB\-\-language\fR option.
.TP
\fB\-h\fR, \fB\-\-help\fR
Show usage information.
.TP
\fB\-V\fR, \fB\-\-version\fR
Show version information.
.TP
\fB@\fR\fIoptionsfile\fR
Reads additional command line arguments from the file \fIoptionsfile\fR.
Lines whose first non-whitespace character is a hash mark (#) are treated
as comments and ignored. Whitespaces at the start and end of a line will
be stripped. If a space is encountered and the line starts with '\-' then
the line will be split into exactly two arguments - the string before the
space and the string after it. There is no meta character escaping.
.br
The command line \fBmkvmerge \-o "my file.mkv" -A "a movie.avi" sound.ogg\fR
could be converted into the following option file:
.br
# Write to the file "my file.mkv".
.br
\-o my file.mkv
.br
# Only take the video from "a movie.avi".
.br
\-A a movie.avi
.br
sound.ogg


.SH USAGE
.LP
For each file the user can select which tracks \fBmkvmerge\fR should take.
They are all put into the file specified with '-o'. A list of known
(and supported) source formats can be obtained with the '-l' option.


.SH EXAMPLES
.LP
Let's assume you have a file called \fIMyMovie.avi\fP and the audio track in a
separate file, e.g. \fIMyMovie.wav\fP. First you want to encode the audio to
OGG:
.LP
$ \fBoggenc -q4 -oMyMovie.ogg MyMovie.wav\fP
.LP
After a couple of minutes you can join video and audio:
.LP
$ \fBmkvmerge -o MyMovie-with-sound.mkv MyMovie.avi MyMovie.ogg\fP
.LP
If your AVI already contains an audio track then it will be copied aswell
(if \fBmkvmerge\fR supports the audio format). To avoid that simply do
.LP
$ \fBmkvmerge -o MyMovie-with-sound.mkv -A MyMovie.avi MyMovie.ogg\fP
.LP
After some minutes of consideration you rip another audio track, e.g.
the director's comments or another language to \fIMyMovie-add-audio.wav\fP.
Encode it again and join it up with the other file:
.LP
$ \fBoggenc -q4 -oMyMovie-add-audio.ogg MyMovie-add-audio.wav\fP
.br
$ \fBmkvmerge -o MM-complete.mkv MyMovie-with-sound.mkv MyMovie-add-audio.ogg\fP
.LP
The same result can be achieved with
.LP
$ \fBmkvmerge -o MM-complete.mkv -A MyMovie.avi MyMovie.ogg \\\fP
.br
  \fBMyMovie-add-audio.ogg\fP
.LP
Now fire up mplayer and enjoy. If you have multiple audio tracks (or even
video tracks) then you can tell mplayer which track to play with the
\&'\fB-vid\fP' and '\fB-aid\fP' parameters. These are 0-based and do not
distinguish between video and audio.
.LP
If you need an audio track synchronized you can do that easily. First find
out which track ID the Vorbis track has with
.LP
$ \fBmkvmerge --identify outofsync.ogg\fP
.LP
Now you can use that ID in the following command line:
.LP
$ \fBmkvmerge -o goodsync.mkv -A source.avi -y 12345:200 outofsync.ogg\fP
.LP
This would add 200ms of silence at the beginning of the audio track with the
ID 12345 taken from \fIoutofsync.ogg\fP.
.LP
Some movies start synced correctly but slowly drift out of sync. For these
kind of movies you can specify a delay factor that is applied to all
timestamps - no data is added or removed. So if you make that factor too
big or too small you'll get bad results. An example is that an episode
I transcoded was 0.2 seconds out of sync at the end of the movie which
was 77340 frames long. At 29.97fps 0.2 seconds correspond to approx. 6
frames. So I did
.LP
$ \fBmkvmerge -o goodsync.mkv -y 23456:0,77346/77340 outofsync.mkv\fP
.LP
The result was fine.
.LP
The sync options can also be used for subtitles in the same manner.
.LP
For text subtitles you can either use some Windows software (like
\fBSubRipper\fR) or the \fBsubrip\fR package found in \fBtranscode(1)\fR's
sources (in \fBcontrib/subrip\fR). The general process is:
.TP
1.
extract a raw subtitle stream from the source:
.br
$ \fBtccat -i /path/to/copied/dvd/ -T 1 -L | \\
.br
    tcextract -x ps1 -t vob -a 0x20 | \\
.br
    subtitle2pgm -o mymovie\fP
.TP
2.
convert the resulting PGM images to text with \fBgocr\fP:
.br
$ \fBpgm2txt mymovie\fP
.TP
3.
spell-check the resulting text files:
.br
$ \fBispell -d american *txt\fP
.TP
4.
convert the text files to a SRT file:
.br
$ \fBsrttool -s -w -i mymovie.srtx -o mymovie.srt\fP
.LP
The resulting file can be used as another input file for \fBmkvmerge\fR:
.LP
$ \fBmkvmerge -o mymovie.mkv mymovie.avi mymovie.srt\fP
.LP
If you want to specify the language for a given track then this is easily
done. First find out the ISO639-2 code for your language. \fBmkvmerge\fR
can list all of those codes for you:
.LP
$ \fBmkvmerge --list-languages\fR
.LP
Search the list for the languages you need. Let's assume you have put two
audio tracks into a Matroska file and want to set their language codes and
that their track IDs are 2 and 3. This can be done with
.LP
$ \fBmkvmerge -o with-lang-codes.mkv --language 2:ger --language 3:dut
without-lang-codes.mkv\fR
.LP
As you can see you can use the \fB--language\fR switch multiple times.
.LP
Maybe you'd also like to have the player use the Dutch language as the default
language. You also have extra subtitles, e.g. in English and French, and want
to have the player display the French ones by default. This can be done with
.LP
$ \fBmkvmerge -o with-lang-codes.mkv --language 2:ger --language 3:dut
--default-track 3 without-lang-codes.mkv --language 0:eng english.srt
--default-track 0 --language 0:fre french.srt\fR
.LP
If you do not see the language or default track flags that you've specified
in \fBmkvinfo\fR's output then please read the section about \fBDEFAULT
VALUES\fR.


.SH SUBTITLES
.LP
There are several text subtitle formats that can be embedded into Matroska.
At the moment \fBmkvmerge\fR supports only text subtitle formats.
These subtitles must be recoded to UTF-8 so that they can be displayed
correctly by a player.
.LP
\fBmkvmerge\fR does this conversion automatically based on the system's current
locale. If the subtitle charset is not the same as
the system's current charset then the user can use \fB\-\-sub\-charset\fR
switch. If the subtitles are already encoded in UTF-8 then you can use
\fB\-\-sub\-charset UTF\-8\fR.
.LP
The following subtitle formats are supported at the moment:
.TP
*
Subtitle Ripper (SRT) files
.TP
*
Substation Alpha (SSA) / Advanced Substation Alpha scripts (ASS) with some
limitations: 1) Files saved with more than one byte per character (e.g.
all UTF-16 formats) are not supported, UTF-8/ASCII only; 2) The \fB\\fe\fR
markup is not supported correctly.


.SH FILE LINKING
.LP
Matroska supports file linking which simply says that a specific file is the
predecessor or successsor of the current file. To be precise, it's not really
the files that are linked but the Matroska segments. As most files will
probably only put one Matroska segment into a file I simply say 'file linking'
although 'segment linking' would be more appropriate.
.LP
Each segment is identified by a unique 128 bit wide segmend UID. This UID
is automatically generated by \fBmkvmerge\fR. The linking is done primarily
via putting the segment UIDs of the previous/next file into the segment
header information. \fBmkvinfo(1)\fR prints these UIDs if it finds them.
.LP
If a file is split into several smaller ones and linking is used then the
timecodes will not start at 0 again but will continue where the last file
has left off. This way the absolute time is kept even if the previous files
are not available (e.g. when streaming). If no linking is used then the
timecodes should start at 0 for each file. By default \fBmkvmerge\fR uses
file linking. If you don't want that you can turn it off with the
\'\fB\-\-dont\-link\fR\' option. This option is only useful if splitting
is activated as well.
.LP
Regardless of whether splitting is active or not the user can tell
\fBmkvmerge\fR to link the produced files to specific UIDs. This is achieved
with the options '\fB\-\-link\-to\-previous\fR' and '\fB\-\-link\-to\-next\fR'.
These options accept a segment UID in the format that \fBmkvinfo(1)\fR
outputs: 16 hexadecimal numbers between 0x00 and 0xff prefixed with '0x' each,
e.g. \fI0x41 0xda 0x73 0x66 0xd9 0xcf 0xb2 0x1e 0xae 0x78 0xeb 0xb4 0x5e 0xca
0xb3 0x93\fR. Alternatively a shorter form can be used: 16 hexadecimal numbers
between 0x00 and 0xff without the '0x' prefixes and without the spaces, e.g.
\fI41da7366d9cfb21eae78ebb45ecab393\fR.
.LP
If splitting is used then the first file is linked to the UID given with
\'\fB\-\-link\-to\-previous\fR\' and the last file is linked to the UID given
with \'\fB\-\-link\-to\-next\fR\'. If splitting is not used then the one
output file will be linked to both of the two UIDs.


.SH TRACK IDS
.LP
Some of the options for \fBmkvmerge\fR need a track ID to specify which track
they should be applied to. Those track IDs are printed by the readers when
demuxing the current input file, or if \fBmkvmerge\fR is called with the
\fB\-\-identify\fR option. Track IDs are assigned like this:
.TP
*
AVI files: The video track has the ID 0. All audio tracks get the ID 1, 2...
.TP
*
AAC, AC3, MP3, SRT and WAV files: The one 'track' in that file gets the ID 0.
.TP
*
Ogg/OGM files: The track's ID is its serial number as given in the Ogg stream
header page.
.TP
*
Matroska files: The track's ID is the track number as reported by \fBmkvinfo\fR
or \fBmkvmerge \-\-identify\fR. It is \fBnot\fR the track UID.
.LP
The special track ID '-1' is a wildcard and applies the given switch to all
tracks that are read from an input file. This was the bahviour of these
switches prior to version 0.4.4.
.LP
The options that use the track IDs are: \fB\-\-atracks\fR, \fB\-\-vtracks\fR,
\fB\-\-stracks\fR, \fB\-\-sync\fR, \fB\-\-default-track\fR, \fB\-\-cues\fR
and \fB\-\-language\fR.


.SH DEFAULT VALUES
.LP
The Matroska specs say that some elements have a default value. Usually an
element is not written to the file if its value is equal to its default
value in order to save space. The elements that the user might miss in
\fBmkvinfo\fR's output are the \fIlanguage\fR and the \fIdefault track flag\fR.
The default value for the \fIlanguage\fR is English (\fIeng\fR),
and the default value for the \fIdefault track flag\fR is \fItrue\fR. Therefore
if you used \fB--language 0:eng\fR for a track then it will not show up
in \fBmkvinfo\fR's output.


.SH ATTACHMENTS
.LP
Maybe you also want to keep some photos along with your Matroska file, or
you're using SSA subtitles and need a special TrueType font that's really
rare. In these cases you can attach those files to the Matroska file. They
will not be just appended to the file but embedded in it. A player can then
show those files (the 'photos' case) or use them to render the subtitles
(the 'TrueType fonts' case).
.LP
Here's an example how to attach a photo and a TrueType font to the output
file:
.br
$ \fBmkvmerge -o output.mkv -A video.avi sound.ogg \-\-attachment\-description
"Me and the band behind the stage in a small get-together"
\-\-attachment\-mime\-type image/jpeg \-\-attach\-file me_and_the_band.jpg
\-\-attachment\-description "The real rare and unbelievably good looking font"
\-\-attachment\-type application/octet\-stream
\-\-attach\-file really_cool_font.ttf


.SH NOTES
.LP
What works:
.TP
*
AVI as the video and audio source (only raw PCM, MP3 and AC3 audio tracks at
the moment)
.TP
*
OGG as the source for video, audio (Vorbis, raw PCM, MP3 and AC3 audio) and
text streams (subtitles).
.TP
*
WAV as the audio source
.TP
*
AAC audio files (only those with ADTS headers before each packet)
.TP
*
AC3 audio files
.TP
*
DTS audio files
.TP
*
MP3 audio files
.TP
*
RealVideo and RealAudio from RealMedia files
.TP
*
Track selection
.TP
*
Manual audio synchronization by adding silence/removing packets for Vorbis
audio and for text streams by adjusting the starting point and duration.
.TP
*
Manual audio synchronization for AAC, AC3, DTS and MP3 audio by duplicating
or removing packets at the beginning.
.TP
*
Text subtitles can be read from SRT (SubRipper / subrip) files or
taken from other OGM files.
.TP
*
SSA/ASS subtitles from SSA/ASS files
.LP
What not works:
.TP
*
Manual audio synchronization for PCM sound (who needs it anyway?)
.LP
Planned functionality:
.TP
*
support for other subtitle formats
.TP
*
chapter information
.TP
*
a lot of other stuff, like tags, user information etc.
.SH AUTHOR
.I mkvmerge
was written by Moritz Bunkus <moritz@bunkus.org>.
.SH SEE ALSO
.BR mkvinfo (1),
.BR mkvextract (1)
.SH WWW
The newest version can always be found at
.UR http://www.bunkus.org/videotools/mkvtoolnix/
<http://www.bunkus.org/videotools/mkvtoolnix/>
.UE